Management Unit of the North Sea
Mathematical Models
RV BELGICA CRUISE 99/12
PROVESS
Andre POLLENTIER
(with contributions from participants)
- 1999 -
BELGICA 99/12 CRUISE REPORT
Contents
7. Concluding Remarks
BELGICA 99/12 cruise report
The EEC MAST III project "PROVESS" Process of Vertical Exchange in Shelf Seas is an interdisciplinary study of the vertical fluxes of properties through the water column and the surface and bottom boundaries.
The objectives of the project are to:
The project is founded on the integration of experimental, theoretical and modelling studies of vertical exchanges in shelf seas, including the joint analysis and interpretation of measurements and model calculations.
The following PROVESS partners have participated to the BELGICA cruise 99/12:
Vertical exchanges are controlled principally by the turbulence characteristics of the water column, with three regions of special significance – the surface mixed layer, the pycnocline and the benthic boundary layer. For that reason one of the main targets of PROVESS is the determination of turbulence properties by means of innovative measurements at two locations in the North Sea.
During the third cruise of the "Southern North Sea Experiment" (PROVESS II/3) carried out with the Belgian research vessel BELGICA, these measurements were made with the MICSOS – Probe and carried out by HYDROMOD Scientific Consulting.
The MICSOS Profiler
The MICSOS Profiler is a free sinking or rising multi-parameter probe equipped with high resolution microstructure (temperature) and turbulence (current shear) sensors and precision CTD sensors. To compensate for disturbing vibrations of the profiler itself, an internal vibration sensor is incorporated. The turbulence is measured by an aerofoil-shaped shear probe with a time constant of 4 ms. The high resolution temperature probe works with an NTC (negative temperature coefficient) which has a time constant of about 10 ms. Data resolution of all sensors is 16 bits. The sampling rate of the profiler is 1 kHz. The data are transmitted via a fast link to a computer on the mother ship. The descent rate of the profiler can be adjusted by removable weights.
The MICSOS-System consists of a profiler, a special neutrally-buoyant cable, a data and power supply interface and a logger. The system is completed by a data evaluation software package.
MUMM has contributed to this cruise by carrying out the data acquisition and logging of the meteorological data (wind speed and direction, barometric pressure, air temperature, solar radiation, ….), the navigational (DGPS position, bathymetric depth, ….) and the oceanographic data ( thermosalinograph data, fluorescence, ….), with the ship-board automatic data acquisition system, as well as the STD-measurements and water sampling with the Sea-Bird SBE09plus STD profiler integrated with the Sea-Bird carousel water sampling system SBE32.
These measurements provided valuable back ground oceanographic data for the evaluation of the MICSOS measurements (HYDROMOD), the suspended material measurements (UWB) and the calibration of the parameters obtained from the instrumented moorings (POL).
The objectives of POL during this cruise were to recover ten moorings laid from the Netherlands research vessel "PELAGIA" during the first of the PROVESS II campaign in the southern North Sea, during 29th and 30th March 1999. Five of these moorings were laid at the "main" site, located at 52 deg 18 min North, 04 deg 18 min East, the others were laid along two arms extending generally North and West from this position. Parameters measured included pressure, current-strengths and directions, sediment and chlorophyll concentrations, and seawater chemistry.
The UWB objectives were to measure:
Helmut BAUMERT
Kurt HOTSCH
Johannes POST
Bernd Florian TRUMM
Joan BACKERS
Jean Pierre DEBLAUWE
Patrick LUYTEN
André POLLENTIER
Tony BANASZEK
Graham BALLARD
Geoff HARTGREAVES
John HUMPHERY
Bernd Florian TRUMM
Malcolm Hearn
Rebecca LATTER
After a short delay due to a technical problem with the coupling of the propeller shaft of the BELGICA and whilst installing the large pulley (needed for the recovery of the moorings) in the aft A-frame the BELGICA departed on Monday 17th of MAY 1999 at 09h50 (all times in GMT). The technical personnel assisting the repair works in the engine room was disembarked at Breskens and finally the BELGICA arrived in the central mooring position , 52 deg 18 min North and 04 deg 18 min East, of the PROVESS Southern experiment site, on Monday the 17th around 19h30.
The first priority of the cruise, the recovery of the ten stations moored during the first of the Southern experiment cruise by the PELAGIA, was postponed due to bad weather conditions, periods of 7 to 8 Beaufort, sea state 4. Instead a 13 hours cycle of measurements in the water column was scheduled.
The 13 hours cycle started on Monday the 17th at 22h00 and ended on Tuesday the 18th at 10h30. During this cycle STD & LISST casts were made and water samples were taken every hour, and 8 MICSOS drops were performed. Due to the considerable current velocities at the site of investigation the BELGICA was not at anchor but drifting with the current. The BELGICA returned to the central position after each drop.
After the 13 hours cycle was finished, the weather conditions had ameliorated considerably (5 Beaufort, sea state 3) and it was decided to commence the recovery of the moored stations starting at the main site (mooring "G") in the morning of the 18th. Mooring "G" (a surface environmental mooring measuring fluorescence, particle and nitrate concentrations) has been recovered at 11h20. Mooring "D" (a surface currents mooring) and "H" (a near-bed environmental mooring, similar to that at the surface, but additionally carrying a silicate analyser and current meter) were recovered in fair conditions at 12h20 and 13h35 respectively. The weather continued to improve, and in the evening of the 18th , mooring "T" (a thermistor/conductivity mooring with a PMP rig) was recovered in good condition at 15h25. At each recover a STD&LISST cast was performed for calibration purposes of the recovered moored instruments.
While transiting to station "U" (carrying two current meters), a message from Teun KRIJTHE (chief scientist aboard the Rijkswaterstaat ship ZIRFEA) was received. He confirmed that the mooring "V", of which it was known before the cruise started that its surface buoy had been recovered by a Dutch trawler and taken to Ijmuiden , has been recovered by the ZIRFEA using side-scan sonar and their remote operated hoisted platform , in the afternoon of the 18th of May.
Arriving in the evening of the 18th at the site of moored station "U" no sign of the surface buoy and pellets were found. The ZIRFEA was informed about this event and the BELGICA proceeded to station "X" ( a pressure recorder) which was recovered in good conditions at about 8 O’clock in the evening.
In the late evening of the 18th (20h30 GMT) a six hours measurement cycle in the water column was started again at the central position.
During this cycle six STD/LISST cast were made. During the 1st, 3rd and 5th cast the sediment velocity settling devices were deployed by the UWB team at the surface and near the bottom, whilst during the 2nd, 4th and 6th cast Niskin water samples were taken for the analysis of particle size (with the GALAI instrument).
The sixth STD/LISST cast was taken on the 19th of May at 02h00 and then the BELGICA transited to the pressure recorder station "Y" which was recovered in superb conditions (3 to 4 B, sea state 2) at 05h35. The good weather conditions continued throughout the day and in mid-morning (09h30 to 10h00) , during slack water, the large and heavy STABLE equipment was recovered without apparent damage to any of its sensors. These measure a wide range of physical parameters in the bottom meter of the water-column, including 3D currents, C and T, pressures and sediment concentration profiles.
The last mooring, at station "B" carrying ADCP instruments, was left in position at the main site until the end of the 25-hour period of turbulence measurements made during the 19th/20th. Thus the ADCP measurements from station position "B" could be correlated with the measurements made by the MICSOS probe being operated by HYDROMOD.
On the 19th at 10h00 the 25 hours cycle of turbulence measurements at the central position started, still in very nice weather conditions. During this period MUMM & UWB performed STD/LISST casts and water sampling every hour, although during the first six hours the LISST which was set from automatic to manual mode was not switched on prior to the casts. HYDROMOD performed 16 MICSOS drops while the BELGICA was a drift, but after each drop the BELGICA returned to the central position. Additionally UWB analyzed water samples every two hours with the GALAI particle sizer. No sediment velocity settling devices were deployed.
After ending the 25 hours cycle in the morning of the 20th of May, the BELGICA transited to station "B" which was recovered smoothly in the early afternoon.
During the "PELAGIA" cruise earlier, a deployment of the POL bed-hopping camera had been unsuccessful due to extreme turbidity near to the seabed. Biologists and sedimentologists had expressed their disappointment, and so another attempt was made during the "BELGICA" cruise, during the afternoon of the 20th: the film advanced successfully in the camera.
Dragging-equipment had been brought to the "BELGICA" from POL. This was used during the evening of 20th to drag for the current-meter mooring lost at "U". During the dragging-operation, the "ZIRFEA" steamed up and offered to search for the mooring using her side-scan equipment. A target was located some 270m off-station, and the "ZIRFEA" was attempting to recover what was supposed to be the moored station. (Note that during the dragging-operation, several very large ships headed northwest past the site: this might explain why the surface marker at U was lost).
Since the ZIRFEA is much more equipped for search and dragging operations it was decided to leave the recovery of station "U" to the ZIRFEA. Whilst the BELGICA transited to the Belgian coastal zone to recover a moored station at the Gootebank, the ZIRFEA informed that the recovery of the station "U" was unsuccessful. The target found was just a pile of abandoned wires. During this conversation it was agreed that the ZIRFEA would disembark the mooring gear and instruments of station "V" at their homeport Scheveningen.
When the BELGICA arrived at the position of the Belgian moored station at the Gootebank no signs of the surface marker buoy and pellets were found. The BELGICA returned to Zeebrugge after taking water samples at MUMM’s reference station "330" for the environmental study "process of coastal eutrophication".
The general and detailed cruise tracks are given in figures 1 and 2 respectively.
Figure 1
Figure 2
HYDROMOD successfully used the MICSOS profiler to collect data on the micro scale,specifically, water stratification and turbulence characteristics in the water column and especially in the near-bottom boundary layer. For this reason, two series of vertical profiles were carried out, one a 13-hour cycle and the other a 25-hour cycle. Whereas the 13-hour cycle, which was carried out during the first night on site (17./18.05.1999), consisted of 8 casts per measuring-event, the 25-hour cycle (19./20.05.1999) was carried out with a number of 16 casts per event. These different sampling rates were chosen to study the role which intermittent events play in turbulence measurements. Together, the two cycles add up to about 40 measuring events with 528 single casts. The profiles were measured from about three meters below the sea surface down to a depth of 16 to 19 meters, which means that all profiles were measured down to the bottom. However, due to the strong influence of the ship’s hull on the near-surface hydrodynamic field, the uppermost six to eight meters of the water column will be neglected during evaluation. Because of the high current velocities within the target area, the measurements were not carried out at anchor but while the ship was drifting. After each hourly measuring event the ship moved back to the central position (52° 18` N; 004° 18` E). When starting with the microstructure measurements the weather was rough and no stratification was detected during the first 13-hour cycle. During the second cycle (25 hours), the weather and sea were calm and a number of layers developed within the uppermost water column; a continuous change of stratification in time and space has been observed.
The MICSOS measurements were made from Monday 17th at 20:00 UTC (22:00 local time) until Tuesday 18th at 11:00 UTC (13-hour cycle) and from Wednesday 19th at 10:00 UTC until 20th of May 1999 at 11:00 UTC (25-hour cycle). The sets of profiles were made at 60 minute-intervals. Each set of casts took about 20 to 30 minutes. One cast produced about 0.8 Mbytes of data so that for the whole MICSOS campaign about 420 Mbytes of data were recorded. The lists of the MICSOS profiles are given in appendix 1.
The MICSOS-measurements were accompanied by a number of other measuring programmes carried out by MUMM, POL and UWB, which provided valuable background information for the future evaluation of the MICSOS-data. At the beginning of each set of microstructure measurements, a vertical CTD-profile was acquired with a SEABIRD system, and so the MICSOS-CTD and SEABIRD data can be compared and correlated. Together with the CTD-profiles, additional information was gathered on suspended matter, turbidity, back-scattering and light transmission with a LISST-system (Laser in-situ Scattering and Transmissometry) and parallel water sampling. Furthermore, two surface sediment samples from the sea floor were collected with a small Van Veen grab for grain size analysis.
One mooring equipped with an ADCP and a thermistor chain was left in the target area until all MICSOS-measurements were finished.
Last but not least, the ship-board data acquisition system (ODAS II) provided a valuable data set of background information (ship’s position, meteorological data, sea surface and sea floor data, etc.), which were collected and stored at 10 second intervals. First indications are that the MICSOS measurements have been successful.
MUMM has contributed to this cruise by carrying out the data acquisition and logging of the meteorological data (wind speed and direction, barometric pressure, air temperature, solar radiation, ….), the navigational (DGPS position, bathymetric depth, ….) and the oceanographic data ( thermosalinograph data, fluorescence, ….), with the ship-board automatic data acquisition system, as well as the STD-measurements and water sampling with the Sea-Bird SBE09plus STD profiler integrated with the Sea-Bird carousel water sampling system SBE32.
The Sea-Bird SBE profiler was equipped with conductivity, temperature and depth sensors as well as an OBS (optical backscatterance) D&A Company sensor. The carousel sampler was equipped with 12 Niskin bottles (10 liter).
MUMM has performed 47 STD casts during the three measurement cycles in the water column and additionally 6 casts for calibration purposes of the recovered moored instruments. See appendix 2 Tabel 1for the cast annotations, times of the vertical profiles and positions. In appendix 2.tabel 2 the Niskin bottles closures are listed together with the STD-data including the density Sigma-Th) and OBS (backscatterance in FTU) data.
Additionally the sea surface temperature and salinity were measured continuously with the Sea-Bird thermosalinograph and remote temperature sensor, both installed at the inlet of the non-toxic seawater circuit situated at the bow of the vessel. The data were transmitted to the automatic data acquisition system for logging purposes.For calibration purposes a sufficient number of seawater samples have been taken from the Niskin bottles. These samples haven been analysed at MUMM’s laboratory at Oostende.
A Turner Design 10-AU-005 fluorimeter also connected to the seawater circuit, was used to measure chlorophyll concentrations during the full campaign. The data has also been transmitted to the data acquisition system.
POL has recovered the mooring stations as described in the narrative. All mooring gear was dismantled and prepared for transportation to the laboratory when the BELGICA arrived at its homeport.
The data of most of the instruments have been verified aboard.
As with the previous two Southern North Sea cruises (RV Pelagia and Mitra), CTD profiles indicate that the concentration of suspended material is predominantly greater at the bed than at the surface. Suspended particulate matter on the Pelagia cruise was predominantly of biological origin. The size frequency distribution was bimodal, with peaks in the 10-20 and 100-200um size ranges. Far less phytoplankton is now evident when samples are viewed on the Galai video microscope and the size distribution is predominantly unimodal in the 10-20um range. Although previous data was unavailable overall concentrations appear to be lower now.
LISST and Galai measurements were synoptic with the Hydromod turbulence measurements during the 13 and 25 hour cycles. It is hoped that the two data sets can be combined to investigate SPM resuspension and vertical distribution processes.
The UWB objectives were to measure particle concentration of surface and near-bed water samples taken from the STD and filtered for gravity determination
The BELGICA cruise 1999/12 has been successful.
All station moored laid during the PELAGIA cruise have been recovered except for the station "U" of which the surface marker buoy and pellets have disappeared. This station could not be detected anymore on the bottom with the side scan sonar equipment of the RWS ZIRFEA. This vessel has recovered the station "V" of which the surface had disappeared as well.
Three measurement cycles in the water column have taken place: a 13 hours, a six hours and a 25 hours cycle.
All equipment worked well.
I would like to underline that such a good work would not have been possible without the outstanding efficiency of the captain and crew of the BELGICA. All the participating groups are grateful for the continuous assistance delivered by the crew.
Appendix 1 List of MICSOS Profiles
(about Lat.: 52° 18’ N; Long.: 004° 18’ E; in the vicinity of the central mooring position A )
Thirteen-Hour Cycle
|
Event |
Cast |
Date |
Time (UTC) |
Filename |
|
SE01 |
1 – 8 |
17.05.1999 |
22.10 |
SE01C01 - 08 |
|
SE02 |
1 – 8 |
17.05.1999 |
23.13 |
SE02C01 - 08 |
|
SE03 |
1 – 8 |
18.05.1999 |
00.10 |
SE03C01 - 08 |
|
SE04 |
1 – 8 |
18.05.1999 |
01.11 |
SE04C01 - 08 |
|
SE05 |
1 – 8 |
18.05.1999 |
02.06 |
SE05C01 - 08 |
|
SE06 |
1 – 8 |
18.05.1999 |
03.10 |
SE06C01 - 08 |
|
SE07 |
1 – 8 |
18.05.1999 |
04.22 |
SE07C01 - 08 |
|
SE08 |
1 – 8 |
18.05.1999 |
05.07 |
SE08C01 - 08 |
|
SE09 |
1 – 8 |
18.05.1999 |
06.10 |
SE09C01 - 08 |
|
SE10 |
1 – 8 |
18.05.1999 |
07.10 |
SE10C01 - 08 |
|
SE11 |
1 – 8 |
18.05.1999 |
08.09 |
SE11C01 - 08 |
|
SE12 |
1 – 8 |
18.05.1999 |
09.10 |
SE12C01 - 08 |
|
SE13 |
1 – 8 |
18.05.1999 |
10.07 |
SE13C01 - 08 |
Twenty-Five-Hour Cycle
|
Event |
Cast |
Date |
Time (UTC) |
Filename |
|
SE14 |
1 – 16 |
19.05.1999 |
10.10 |
SE14C01 - 16 |
|
SE15 |
1 – 16 |
19.05.1999 |
11.11 |
SE15C01 - 16 |
|
SE16 |
1 – 16 |
19.05.1999 |
12.17 |
SE16C01 - 16 |
|
SE17 |
1 – 16 |
19.05.1999 |
13.10 |
SE17C01 - 16 |
|
SE18 |
1 – 16 |
19.05.1999 |
14.13 |
SE18C01 - 16 |
|
SE19 |
1 – 16 |
19.05.1999 |
15.06 |
SE19C01 - 16 |
|
SE20 |
1 – 16 |
19.05.1999 |
16.15 |
SE20C01 - 16 |
|
SE21 |
1 – 16 |
19.05.1999 |
17.07 |
SE21C01 - 16 |
|
SE22 |
1 – 16 |
19.05.1999 |
18.25 |
SE22C01 - 16 |
|
SE23 |
1 – 16 |
19.05.1999 |
19.15 |
SE23C01 - 16 |
|
SE24 |
1 – 16 |
19.05.1999 |
20.15 |
SE24C01 - 16 |
|
SE25 |
1 – 16 |
19.05.1999 |
21.15 |
SE25C01 - 16 |
|
SE26 |
1 – 16 |
19.05.1999 |
22.14 |
SE26C01 - 16 |
|
SE27 |
1 – 16 |
19.05.1999 |
23.10 |
SE27C01 - 16 |
|
SE28 |
1 – 16 |
20.05.1999 |
00.10 |
SE28C01 - 16 |
|
SE29 |
1 – 16 |
20.05.1999 |
01.11 |
SE29C01 - 16 |
|
SE30 |
1 – 16 |
20.05.1999 |
02.11 |
SE30C01 - 16 |
|
SE31 |
1 – 16 |
20.05.1999 |
03.08 |
SE31C01 - 16 |
|
SE32 |
1 – 16 |
20.05.1999 |
04.07 |
SE32C01 - 16 |
|
SE33 |
1 – 16 |
20.05.1999 |
05.10 |
SE33C01 - 16 |
|
SE34 |
1 – 16 |
20.05.1999 |
06.12 |
SE34C01 - 16 |
|
SE35 |
1 – 16 |
20.05.1999 |
07.12 |
SE35C01 - 16 |
|
SE36 |
1 – 16 |
20.05.1999 |
08.13 |
SE36C01 - 16 |
|
SE37 |
1 – 16 |
20.05.1999 |
09.03 |
SE37C01 - 16 |
|
SE38 |
1 – 16 |
20.05.1999 |
10.09 |
SE38C01 - 16 |
|
SE39 |
1 – 16 |
20.05.1999 |
11.12 |
SE39C01 - 16 |
Appendix 2
Table 1. Position SCTD stations PROVESS 99/12.
|
Station |
Cast |
Date 1999 |
Time of V.P.(1) |
Latitude
|
Longitude
|
Water Depth [m] |
Data file |
|
centre |
01 |
17.05 |
20:12 pm |
N 52 18 14.08 |
E 4 20 21.61 |
17 |
cast_01.cnv |
|
02 |
17.05 |
21:51 pm |
N 52 18 24.50 |
E 4 19 37.06 |
18 |
cast_02.cnv |
|
|
03 |
17.05 |
23:02 pm |
N 52 17 55.94 |
E 4 19 11.47 |
18 |
cast_03.cnv |
|
|
03B |
17.05 |
23:06 pm |
N 52 17 59.86 |
E 4 19 16.13 |
18 |
cast_03B.cnv |
|
|
13 h |
04 |
18.05 |
00:03 am |
N 52 18 04.15 |
E 4 19 13.69 |
18 |
cast_04.cnv |
|
05 |
18.05 |
01:04 am |
N 52 18 14.32 |
E 4 19 36.05 |
17 |
cast_05.cnv |
|
|
06 |
18.05 |
01:57 am |
N 52 17 55.52 |
E 4 18 48.38 |
17 |
cast_06.cnv |
|
|
cycle |
07 |
18.05 |
02:53 am |
N 52 17 57.08 |
E 4 19 11.81 |
19 |
cast_07.cnv |
|
08 |
18.05 |
03:56 am |
N 52 18 02.81 |
E 4 18 47.12 |
20 |
cast_08.cnv |
|
|
08B |
18.05 |
04:04 am |
N 52 18 04.15 |
E 4 19 13.69 |
20 |
cast_08B.cnv |
|
|
09 |
18.05 |
04:55 am |
N 52 17 24.67 |
E 4 19 02.18 |
18 |
cast_09.cnv |
|
|
10 |
18.05 |
06:04 am |
N 52 17 45.46 |
E 4 18 52.76 |
19 |
cast_10.cnv |
|
|
11 |
18.05 |
07:00 am |
N 52 18 35.86 |
E 4 20 50.04 |
18 |
cast_11.cnv |
|
|
12 |
18.05 |
08:05 am |
N 52 18 17.34 |
E 4 19 07.38 |
17 |
cast_12.cnv |
|
|
13 |
18.05 |
08:58 am |
N 52 18 13.32 |
E 4 20 45.04 |
17 |
cast_13.cnv |
|
|
14 |
18.05 |
09:59 am |
N 52 17 50.20 |
E 4 19 28.00 |
18 |
cast_14.cnv |
|
|
G |
18.05 |
11:41 am |
N 52 17 49.61 |
E 4 17 49.64 |
18 |
cast__g.cnv |
|
|
D |
18.05 |
12:43 pm |
N 52 18 07.31 |
E 4 17 35.61 |
17 |
cast__d.cnv |
|
|
H |
18.05 |
13:59 pm |
N 52 17 59.06 |
E 4 17 57.05 |
18 |
cast__h.cnv |
|
|
T |
18.05 |
15:51 pm |
N 52 19 21.44 |
E 4 12 15:53 |
20 |
cast__t.cnv |
|
|
centre |
15 |
18.05 |
20:32 pm |
N 52 18 27.58 |
E 4 20 28.90 |
18 |
cast_15.cnv |
|
16 |
18.05 |
21:51 pm |
N 52 18 34.15 |
E 4 20 18.51 |
18 |
cast_16.cnv |
|
|
6h |
17 |
18.05 |
23:03 pm |
N 52 17 50.63 |
E 4 18 58.04 |
17 |
cast_17.cnv |
|
18 |
19.05 |
00:04 am |
N 52 18 45.26 |
E 4 20 30.24 |
17 |
cast_18.cnv |
|
|
cycle |
19 |
19.05 |
01:01 am |
N 52 17 47.53 |
E 4 18 37.54 |
18 |
cast_19.cnv |
|
20 |
19.05 |
01:59 am |
N 52 18 32.03 |
E 4 20 06.35 |
17 |
cast_20.cnv |
|
|
stable |
19.05 |
08:47 am |
N 52 18 49.04 |
E 4 18 10.39 |
19 |
stable.cnv |
|
|
stable |
19.05 |
09:07 am |
N 52 18 53.00 |
E 4 18 13.21 |
19 |
stable1.cnv |
|
|
centre |
21 |
19.05 |
10:01 am |
N 52 18 23.93 |
E 4 20 42.13 |
17 |
cast_21.cnv |
|
22 |
19.05 |
10:59 am |
N 52 17 24.40 |
E 4 19 49.20 |
17 |
cast_22.cnv |
|
|
23 |
19.05 |
11:59 am |
N 52 17 24.17 |
E 4 19 20.19 |
17 |
cast_23.cnv |
|
|
24 |
19.05 |
13:00 pm |
N 52 17 18.03 |
E 4 19 06.43 |
17 |
cast_24.cnv |
|
|
25 |
19.05 |
14:06 pm |
N 52 17 54.68 |
E 4 19 42.09 |
17 |
cast_25.cnv |
|
|
25 h |
26 |
19.05 |
14:59 pm |
N 52 18 23.15 |
E 4 19 52.14 |
18 |
cast_26.cnv |
|
27 |
19.05 |
16:14 pm |
N 52 17 59.60 |
E 4 19 14.08 |
19 |
cast_27.cnv |
|
|
28 |
19.05 |
17:01 pm |
N 52 18 40.93 |
E 4 19 41.85 |
19 |
cast_28.cnv |
|
|
cycle |
29 |
19.05 |
18:04 pm |
N 52 17 33.67 |
E 4 19 16.98 |
19 |
cast_29.cnv |
|
30 |
19.05 |
19:00 pm |
N 52 18 48.79 |
E 4 20 37.29 |
18 |
cast_30.cnv |
|
|
31 |
19.05 |
20:01 pm |
N 52 17 06.47 |
E 4 18 22.84 |
18 |
cast_31.cnv |
|
|
32 |
19.05 |
21:01 pm |
N 52 18 59.65 |
E 4 20 40.63 |
19 |
cast_32.cnv |
|
|
centre |
33 |
19.05 |
22:01 pm |
N 52 18 48.89 |
E 4 20 54.46 |
18 |
cast_33.cnv |
|
34 |
19.05 |
22:59 pm |
N 52 17 43.72 |
E 4 20 59.27 |
18 |
cast_34.cnv |
|
|
35 |
20.05 |
23:58 pm |
N 52 17 53.93 |
E 4 20 43.65 |
17 |
cast_35.cnv |
|
|
36 |
19.05 |
01:02 am |
N 52 18 44.04 |
E 4 20 37.01 |
17 |
cast_36.cnv |
|
|
37 |
20.05 |
02:04 am |
N 52 18 45.54 |
E 4 21 13.46 |
17 |
cast_37.cnv |
|
|
38 |
20.05 |
03:01 am |
N 52 18 55.63 |
E 4 21 26.43 |
17 |
cast_38.cnv |
|
|
25h |
39 |
20.05 |
04:01 am |
N 52 17 45.97 |
E 4 20 02.09 |
18 |
cast_39.cnv |
|
40 |
20.05 |
05:02 am |
N 52 17 24.23 |
E 4 19 43.61 |
19 |
cast_40.cnv |
|
|
41 |
20.05 |
06:03 am |
N 52 18 00.05 |
E 4 20 11.57 |
18 |
cast_41.cnv |
|
|
42 |
20.05 |
07:03 am |
N 52 17 52.04 |
E 4 20 11.69 |
18 |
cast_42.cnv |
|
|
43 |
20.05 |
08:02 am |
N 52 18 09.15 |
E 4 20 35.42 |
18 |
cast_43.cnv |
|
|
44 |
20.05 |
09:03 am |
N 52 18 05.70 |
E 4 20 36.68 |
18 |
cast_44.cnv |
|
|
cycle |
45 |
20.05 |
09:59 am |
N 52 18 43.39 |
E 4 20 21.16 |
19 |
cast_45.cnv |
|
46 |
20.05 |
11:03 am |
N 52 18 00.84 |
E 4 20 31.79 |
18 |
cast_46.cnv |
|
|
46B |
20.05 |
11:13 am |
N 52 17 50.99 |
E 4 20 29.64 |
17 |
cast_46B.cnv |
Remarks: (1) The time noted is the starttime (GMT) of the vertical profile.
Table 2. SCTD data stations PROVESS 99/12
|
Station |
Data file |
Bottle |
Bottle |
CTD |
CTD |
CTD |
CTD |
CTD |
|
number |
|
Depth |
Number(s) |
Pressure |
Salinity |
Temp. |
Density |
OBS |
|
|
|
(m) |
|
(db) |
(PSU) |
(°C) |
(Sigma-Th) |
(FTU) |
|
1 |
Cast_01 |
15.0 |
1,3,4 |
15.1 |
30.303 |
12.829 |
22.790 |
14.4 |
|
|
|
3.1 |
6,7,9,10,12 |
3.2 |
30.273 |
12.820 |
22.769 |
7.0 |
|
2 |
Cast_2 |
15.6 |
1 |
15.8 |
30.397 |
12.778 |
22.873 |
11.2 |
|
|
2.9 |
7,12 |
3.0 |
30.349 |
12.771 |
22.837 |
7.4 |
|
|
3 |
Cast_3 |
|
-- |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
-- |
|
|
|
|
|
|
3B |
Cast_3B |
15.2 |
1 |
15.4 |
30.415 |
12.766 |
22.889 |
6.9 |
|
|
|
3.1 |
7,12 |
3.1 |
30.414 |
12.764 |
22.888 |
6.8 |
|
4 |
Cast_4 |
15.1 |
1 |
15.2 |
30.526 |
12.755 |
22.977 |
6.6 |
|
|
|
3.0 |
7,12 |
3.0 |
30.503 |
12.745 |
22.961 |
6.5 |
|
5 |
Cast_5 |
15.1 |
1 |
15.2 |
30.526 |
12.755 |
22.977 |
6.6 |
|
|
|
3.0 |
7,12 |
3.0 |
30.503 |
12.745 |
22.961 |
6.5 |
|
6 |
Cast_6 |
14.3 |
1 |
14.4 |
30.640 |
12.723 |
23.071 |
6.3 |
|
|
|
2.8 |
7,12 |
2.8 |
30.635 |
12.714 |
23.069 |
6.4 |
|
7 |
Cast_7 |
16.8 |
1,2 |
17.0 |
30.647 |
12.708 |
23.080 |
7.3 |
|
|
|
2.7 |
7,8 |
2.8 |
30.625 |
12.694 |
23.065 |
6.4 |
|
8 |
Cast_8 |
17.7 |
1 |
17.9 |
30.658 |
12.672 |
23.095 |
8.0 |
|
8B |
Cast_8B |
3.0 |
7,12 |
3.0 |
30.655 |
12.656 |
23.095 |
7.3 |
|
9 |
Cast_9 |
16.6 |
1,2 |
16.8 |
30.459 |
12.647 |
22.946 |
13.1 |
|
|
|
3.2 |
7,8 |
3.2 |
30.452 |
12.639 |
22.942 |
9.7 |
|
10 |
Cast_10 |
15.7 |
1,2 |
15.8 |
30.507 |
12.647 |
22.983 |
16.5 |
|
|
|
2.4 |
7,8 |
2.4 |
30.498 |
12.651 |
22.975 |
10.1 |
|
11 |
Cast_11 |
15.8 |
1,2 |
15.9 |
30.329 |
12.662 |
22.842 |
11.7 |
|
|
|
2.8 |
7,8 |
2.9 |
30.284 |
12.694 |
22.802 |
7.3 |
|
12 |
Cast_12 |
15.3 |
1,2 |
15.3 |
30.517 |
12.653 |
22.990 |
8.9 |
|
|
|
2.8 |
7,8 |
2.8 |
30.479 |
12.699 |
22.951 |
7.3 |
|
13 |
Cast_13 |
14.7 |
1,2 |
14.8 |
30.319 |
12.680 |
22.832 |
12.2 |
|
|
|
2.5 |
7,8 |
2.5 |
30.198 |
12.750 |
22.724 |
6.2 |
|
14 |
Cast_14 |
14.5 |
1,2 |
14.6 |
30.482 |
12.671 |
22.959 |
15.3 |
|
|
|
2.7 |
7,8 |
2.8 |
30.410 |
12.715 |
22.894 |
7.5 |
|
G |
STAT__G |
5.2 |
1 |
5.2 |
30.774 |
12.744 |
23.171 |
8.2 |
|
D |
STAT__D |
15.3 |
1 |
15.4 |
30.889 |
12.739 |
23.261 |
8.5 |
|
H |
STAT__H |
4.6 |
1 |
4.6 |
30.784 |
12.842 |
23.160 |
5.8 |
|
T |
STAT__T |
5.0 |
1 |
5.1 |
31.533 |
12.766 |
23.754 |
5.6 |
|
Station |
Data file |
Bottle |
Bottle |
CTD |
CTD |
CTD |
CTD |
CTD |
|
number |
|
Depth |
Number(s) |
Pressure |
Salinity |
Temp. |
Density |
OBS |
|
|
|
(m) |
|
(db) |
(PSU) |
(°C) |
(Sigma-Th) |
(FTU) |
|
15 |
Cast_15 |
15.4 |
1,2 |
15.6 |
30.455 |
12.847 |
22.905 |
8.8 |
|
|
|
3.0 |
7,8 |
3.1 |
30.440 |
12.834 |
22.895 |
6.5 |
|
16 |
Cast_16 |
15.7 |
1,2 |
15.8 |
30.563 |
12.857 |
22.987 |
29.6 |
|
|
|
2.9 |
7,8 |
2.9 |
30.499 |
12.824 |
22.943 |
5.9 |
|
17 |
Cast_17 |
14.9 |
1,2 |
15.1 |
30.683 |
12.828 |
23.085 |
17.6 |
|
|
|
2.8 |
7,8 |
2.8 |
30.570 |
12.811 |
23.000 |
6.0 |
|
18 |
Cast_18 |
15.1 |
1,2 |
15.2 |
30.661 |
12.836 |
23.067 |
10.3 |
|
|
|
2.8 |
7,8 |
2.8 |
30.396 |
12.867 |
22.855 |
6.2 |
|
19 |
Cast_19 |
15.1 |
1,2 |
15.2 |
30.758 |
12.811 |
23.146 |
7.5 |
|
|
|
2.8 |
7,8 |
2.8 |
30.559 |
12.834 |
22.987 |
5.9 |
|
20 |
Cast_20 |
15.3 |
1,2 |
15.5 |
30.582 |
12.836 |
23.005 |
8.3 |
|
|
|
2.9 |
7,8 |
2.9 |
30.270 |
12.865 |
22.758 |
5.4 |
|
STABLE |
STABLE_ |
17.2 |
7 |
17.4 |
30.846 |
12.741 |
23.228 |
7.7 |
|
|
|
2.8 |
8 |
2.8 |
30.591 |
12.965 |
22.987 |
6.4 |
|
STABLE |
STABLE1 |
16.8 |
1,2 |
16.9 |
30.858 |
12.738 |
23.238 |
8.0 |
|
|
|
2.3 |
7,8 |
2.4 |
30.648 |
12.917 |
23.040 |
6.4 |
|
21 |
Cast_21 |
14.9 |
1,2 |
15.1 |
30.517 |
12.804 |
22.961 |
20.2 |
|
|
|
2.8 |
7,8 |
2.8 |
30.502 |
12.848 |
22.941 |
5.9 |
|
22 |
Cast_22 |
14.8 |
1,2 |
15.0 |
30.516 |
12.813 |
22.959 |
12.1 |
|
|
|
3.3 |
7,8 |
3.3 |
30.466 |
13.404 |
22.805 |
6.2 |
|
23 |
Cast_23 |
14.7 |
1,2 |
14.8 |
30.667 |
12.825 |
23.073 |
13.6 |
|
|
|
2.8 |
7,8 |
2.8 |
30.563 |
13.090 |
22.942 |
6.1 |
|
24 |
Cast_24 |
15.2 |
1,2 |
15.4 |
30.714 |
12.861 |
23.102 |
13.8 |
|
|
|
2.9 |
7,8 |
2.9 |
30.511 |
13.025 |
22.914 |
5.9 |
|
25 |
Cast_25 |
15.5 |
1,2 |
15.6 |
30.733 |
12.883 |
23.113 |
9.1 |
|
|
|
3.2 |
7,8 |
3.3 |
30.538 |
12.929 |
22.953 |
5.9 |
|
26 |
Cast_26 |
15.7 |
1,2 |
15.8 |
30.639 |
12.943 |
23.029 |
7.5 |
|
|
|
3.2 |
7,8 |
3.2 |
30.116 |
13.256 |
22.564 |
5.6 |
|
27 |
Cast_27 |
16.1 |
1,2 |
16.3 |
30.878 |
12.890 |
23.224 |
10.2 |
|
|
|
2.9 |
7,8 |
2.9 |
30.408 |
13.009 |
22.838 |
5.6 |
|
28 |
Cast_28 |
17.4 |
1,2 |
17.5 |
30.933 |
12.866 |
23.271 |
11.1 |
|
|
|
3.1 |
7,8 |
3.1 |
30.389 |
13.061 |
22.812 |
5.6 |
|
29 |
Cast_29 |
16.5 |
1,2 |
16.7 |
30.829 |
13.003 |
23.164 |
19.8 |
|
|
|
2.8 |
7,8 |
2.9 |
30.700 |
13.409 |
22.985 |
8.7 |
|
30 |
Cast_30 |
17.5 |
1,2 |
17.6 |
30.737 |
13.019 |
23.090 |
19.8 |
|
|
|
2.9 |
7,8 |
3.0 |
30.716 |
13.127 |
23.053 |
8.7 |
|
31 |
Cast_31 |
16.6 |
1,2 |
16.7 |
30.725 |
12.904 |
23.103 |
19.0 |
|
|
|
3.1 |
7,8 |
3.1 |
30.584 |
13.059 |
22.964 |
7.9 |
|
32 |
Cast_32 |
16.3 |
1,2 |
16.4 |
30.727 |
13.082 |
23.070 |
7.8 |
|
|
|
2.7 |
7,8 |
2.7 |
30.696 |
13.230 |
23.017 |
6.4 |
|
Station |
Data file |
Bottle |
Bottle |
CTD |
CTD |
CTD |
CTD |
CTD |
|
number |
|
Depth |
Number(s) |
Pressure |
Salinity |
Temp. |
Density |
OBS |
|
|
|
(m) |
|
(db) |
(PSU) |
(°C) |
(Sigma-Th) |
(FTU) |
|
33 |
Cast_33 |
15.5 |
1,2 |
15.7 |
30.658 |
13.103 |
23.013 |
8.2 |
|
|
|
3.1 |
7,8 |
3.2 |
30.665 |
13.179 |
23.003 |
6.5 |
|
34 |
Cast_34 |
15.6 |
1,2 |
15.7 |
30.542 |
13.077 |
22.928 |
17.0 |
|
|
|
3.2 |
7,8 |
3.2 |
30.558 |
13.312 |
22.895 |
6.6 |
|
35 |
Cast_35 |
15.2 |
1,2 |
15.4 |
30.658 |
13.200 |
22.994 |
15.6 |
|
|
|
2.7 |
7,8 |
2.8 |
30.664 |
13.280 |
22.982 |
7.7 |
|
36 |
Cast_36 |
14.7 |
1,2 |
14.8 |
30.748 |
13.054 |
23.092 |
11.3 |
|
|
|
3.0 |
7,8 |
3.0 |
30.354 |
13.129 |
22.772 |
5.9 |
|
37 |
Cast_37 |
16.3 |
1,2 |
16.5 |
30.564 |
13.089 |
22.943 |
20.2 |
|
|
|
2.8 |
7,8 |
2.8 |
30.176 |
13.140 |
22.633 |
6.1 |
|
38 |
Cast_38 |
15.7 |
1,2 |
15.8 |
30.556 |
13.084 |
22.938 |
10.5 |
|
|
|
2.9 |
7,8 |
2.9 |
30.121 |
13.147 |
22.589 |
6.4 |
|
39 |
Cast_39 |
16.3 |
1,2 |
16.4 |
30.775 |
13.021 |
23.119 |
12.1 |
|
|
|
2.7 |
7,8 |
2.7 |
30.091 |
13.136 |
22.568 |
5.9 |
|
40 |
Cast_40 |
17.4 |
1,2 |
17.6 |
30.891 |
13.016 |
23.210 |
15.1 |
|
|
|
2.9 |
7,8 |
2.9 |
30.612 |
13.163 |
22.965 |
5.9 |
|
41 |
Cast_41 |
17.0 |
1,2 |
17.2 |
30.956 |
13.115 |
23.241 |
12.4 |
|
|
|
2.7 |
7,8 |
2.8 |
30.960 |
13.119 |
23.242 |
8.7 |
|
42 |
Cast_42 |
15.7 |
1,2 |
15.8 |
30.888 |
13.102 |
23.190 |
22.5 |
|
|
|
2.6 |
7,8 |
2.7 |
30.877 |
13.091 |
23.184 |
9.1 |
|
43 |
Cast_43 |
15.7 |
1,2 |
15.8 |
30.833 |
13.100 |
23.149 |
14.6 |
|
|
|
2.8 |
7,8 |
2.8 |
30.035 |
13.126 |
22.526 |
7.5 |
|
44 |
Cast_44 |
16.1 |
1,2 |
16.3 |
30.768 |
13.093 |
23.100 |
9.0 |
|
|
|
2.9 |
7,8 |
2.9 |
30.427 |
13.052 |
22.844 |
6.8 |
|
45 |
Cast_45 |
16.8 |
1,2 |
17.0 |
30.883 |
13.106 |
23.186 |
8.0 |
|
|
|
3.0 |
7,8 |
3.0 |
30.491 |
13.107 |
22.883 |
6.8 |
|
46 |
Cast_46 |
15.5 |
12 |
15.7 |
30.763 |
13.129 |
23.089 |
20.4 |
|
|
|
3.0 |
78 |
3.0 |
30.632 |
13.095 |
22.994 |
6.5 |
|
46B |
Cast_46B |
|
--- |
|
|
|
|
